Table of Contents
In songwriting and music composition, creating tension and release is essential for engaging your audience. One effective technique for adding momentary tension is the use of secondary dominants. These chords introduce surprise and color, making your progressions more compelling.
What Are Secondary Dominants?
Secondary dominants are chords that function as the dominant (V) of a chord other than the tonic. They temporarily emphasize a chord within the key, creating a sense of anticipation. For example, in the key of C major, the chord D7 can act as the V of G (the V of C), leading smoothly into G major.
How to Use Secondary Dominants
To incorporate secondary dominants, identify the target chord you want to emphasize. Then, add its dominant before it. This approach creates a brief moment of tension that resolves naturally when the target chord is reached. Here are some common secondary dominants:
- D7 – V of G (V of V in C)
- A7 – V of D (V of V in G)
- E7 – V of A (V of V in D)
Examples in Progressions
Consider the simple progression in C major: C – F – G – C. To add tension before G, insert a secondary dominant:
C – F – D7 – G – C
Here, D7 functions as the V of G, creating a momentary buildup that resolves when G is played. This technique can be applied to various progressions to keep the listener engaged.
Tips for Effective Use
When using secondary dominants:
- Use sparingly to maintain their impact.
- Experiment with different target chords for variety.
- Combine with other tension techniques like suspensions or modulations.
Incorporating secondary dominants adds a layer of sophistication and surprise to your compositions. With practice, they can become a powerful tool for crafting memorable and emotionally compelling songs.