Table of Contents
In popular music, especially in chart-topping hits, composers often use advanced harmonic techniques to create interest and tension. One such technique is the use of secondary dominants. These chords add surprise and drive the music forward, making the song more engaging for listeners.
What Are Secondary Dominants?
A secondary dominant is a chord that temporarily tonicizes a chord other than the tonic (the main key). It functions as a V (dominant) chord targeting a specific chord within the key, creating a sense of anticipation or emphasis.
How They Work
In a song in the key of C major, the dominant (V) is G major. If a composer wants to highlight the D minor chord (the ii chord), they might use an A7 chord before it. This A7 acts as a secondary dominant (V/ii), leading smoothly into D minor and making the progression more compelling.
Examples in Popular Music
Many chart-topping hits feature secondary dominants to create memorable melodies and hooks. For example, in the song “Shape of You” by Ed Sheeran, the harmony occasionally uses secondary dominants to add tension before resolving to the main chords. These chords help keep the listener engaged and add a professional, polished feel to the song.
Common Secondary Dominants
- A7 in the key of C major (V/ii)
- E7 in the key of A minor (V/VI)
- D7 in the key of G major (V/V)
- B7 in the key of E minor (V/iv)
Understanding and using secondary dominants allows songwriters and composers to craft more dynamic and interesting progressions. They are a key tool in creating the tension and release that keeps listeners hooked from verse to chorus.