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Soul music is renowned for its expressive melodies and rich harmonic language. A key element that gives soul songs their emotional depth is the use of non-diatonic chords. These chords, which do not belong to the standard key, create surprising and soulful sounds that evoke strong feelings.
What Are Non-Diatonic Chords?
Non-diatonic chords are chords that include notes outside the main key or scale of the song. Unlike diatonic chords, which are built from the notes of a specific key, non-diatonic chords introduce unexpected tones, adding color and tension to the harmony. They are often used to create emotional moments or to transition smoothly between different sections of a song.
Common Types of Non-Diatonic Chords in Soul Music
- Borrowed Chords: These are chords borrowed from a parallel key or mode. For example, borrowing a bVI chord from the minor key adds a soulful, bluesy feel.
- Neapolitan Chords: Typically a major chord built on the lowered second scale degree, adding a dramatic flavor.
- Chromatic Chords: Chords that include notes outside the key, often used for passing or embellishing melodies.
- Modal Mixture: Combining chords from different modes to create unique harmonic colors.
Examples in Soul Song Arrangements
Many classic soul songs feature non-diatonic chords to evoke emotion. For example, in Marvin Gaye’s “Let’s Get It On,” the use of chromatic passing chords enhances the soulful feel. Similarly, Aretha Franklin’s arrangements often incorporate borrowed chords from parallel minor keys, adding depth and richness.
Creating Emotional Impact
Non-diatonic chords can highlight lyrical moments or build tension leading to a chorus or bridge. Their unexpected sound captures the listener’s attention and conveys complex emotions that simple diatonic harmony might not achieve.
Conclusion
Understanding the use of non-diatonic chords enriches our appreciation of soul music. These chords add soulful expressiveness and emotional depth, making the genre timeless and deeply moving. Musicians and students alike can explore these harmonic tools to enhance their own compositions and performances.