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Understanding the voicing of a thirteenth chord is essential for musicians seeking to add richness and complexity to their harmony. This guide provides a step-by-step visual breakdown of how to voice a thirteenth chord on the piano or keyboard.
What Is a Thirteenth Chord?
A thirteenth chord is a type of extended chord that includes the seventh, ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth notes above the root. It is commonly used in jazz, blues, and modern harmony to create a lush, full sound.
Basic Components of a Thirteenth Chord
- Root
- Major or minor third
- Perfect fifth
- Minor or major seventh
- Ninth
- Eleventh
- Thirteenth
Step 1: Identify the Root and Basic Triad
Start by choosing your root note. From the root, build a basic triad by adding the third and fifth. For example, in a C thirteenth chord, the basic triad is C-E-G.
Step 2: Add the Seventh
Add the seventh note to the chord. This can be a minor seventh (B♭ in a C chord) or a major seventh (B in a Cmaj13). The seventh adds tension and defines the chord quality.
Step 3: Incorporate the Ninth
Next, include the ninth (D in a C chord). The ninth adds color and richness, often played an octave higher or within the chord voicing.
Step 4: Add the Eleventh
The eleventh (F in a C chord) provides additional harmonic color. It is usually voiced an octave higher or omitted in some voicings to avoid dissonance.
Step 5: Finish with the Thirteenth
The thirteenth (A in a C chord) is the defining extension of the chord. It is typically voiced in the higher register for clarity and to avoid muddiness.
Practical Voicing Tips
- Omit the fifth for a cleaner sound.
- Use inversions to make the chord easier to play and more colorful.
- Spread the notes across octaves for a fuller sound.
- Be mindful of dissonance when including the eleventh; sometimes it is omitted or altered.
Visual Example of a C13 Voicing
Imagine a typical C13 chord voiced as follows:
- C (root)
- B♭ (minor seventh)
- D (ninth)
- A (thirteenth)
- Optional: F (eleventh), often omitted or played in the bass
This voicing emphasizes the core harmonic tones while maintaining a smooth, playable arrangement.
Conclusion
Mastering thirteenth chord voicing involves understanding its components and experimenting with different arrangements. Use inversions and octave spreads to create rich, versatile sounds suitable for various musical styles.