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The Neapolitan sixth chord, also known as the “Neapolitan chord,” is a fascinating harmony used in various musical genres, including popular music. Its distinctive sound adds drama and emotional depth to songs, making it a favorite among composers and songwriters alike.
What Is a Neapolitan Sixth Chord?
The Neapolitan sixth is a major chord built on the lowered second scale degree, typically in the context of a minor key. It is usually spelled as a major chord, and it appears in the first inversion, which is why it is called a “sixth” chord. Its distinctive sound is due to its unexpected interval and rich harmonic color.
Characteristics of the Neapolitan Sixth
- Built on the lowered second scale degree (♭II)
- Typically in first inversion (♭II6)
- Often used in minor keys
- Creates a strong pre-dominant function
- Conveys a sense of tension and drama
Examples in Popular Songs
Many popular songs incorporate the Neapolitan sixth to add emotional intensity. Here are some notable examples:
“Yesterday” by The Beatles
The Beatles’ classic features a subtle use of the Neapolitan chord, contributing to its melancholic and reflective mood. It appears in the bridge section, emphasizing the shift in harmony.
“Bohemian Rhapsody” by Queen
Queen’s legendary song employs the Neapolitan sixth during its operatic sections, creating a dramatic and theatrical effect that heightens the emotional impact of the piece.
Analysis of Its Use
The Neapolitan sixth often functions as a pre-dominant chord, leading smoothly to the dominant or tonic. Its placement in a progression can create a sense of surprise or heightened emotion, especially when used before resolving to the V or I chord.
In minor keys, it provides a strong contrast that emphasizes the minor tonality, while in major keys, it can be used as a chromatic passing chord to add color.
Conclusion
The Neapolitan sixth chord remains a powerful tool in both classical and popular music. Its unique sound and expressive potential make it an enduring element that composers and songwriters continue to explore for emotional effect and harmonic richness.